Cell line/type | Whole embryo |
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Species | Rat |
Animal free | Yes |
Product | DMEM/HS Ritchie et al. 2014 |
Ritchie, H. E., Svensson, C. H., Nilsson, M. F., & Webster, W. S. (2014). A comparison of drug-induced cardiotoxicity in rat embryos cultured in human serum or protein free media. Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods, 70(3), 276-282. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of a small number of therapeutic drugs on heart rate of rodent embryos cultured in human sera or protein-free medium. Whole rat embryos were cultured in protein-free media or human serum to which drugs known to induce embryonic bradycardia were added. Embryonic heart rate was observed before and after addition of drugs. The results suggest that there is less unbound drug in the protein-free media and/or more unbound drug in the human sera than predicted. Variables such as saturated protein binding and pH cannot fully explain our results. One of the major conclusions of this study is that the margin of safety calculated using data collected from culture in DMEM may be overestimated and that a more accurate estimate of margins of safety would be obtained using data collected in human serum. The formulation of DMEM and pooled human serum culture medium is described in the Materials and Methods, under the headings; 2.2. Test chemicals and 2.3. Whole embryo culture. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S105687191400241X |
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Source | Literature - own formulation |
Chemically defined > Unspecified | Unspecified |
Contains phenol red > Unspecified | Unspecified |
Antibiotics free > Yes | Yes |